Background: Privacy is a human right, but what happens when a person’s privacy rights encounter legitimate police investigations? Is it even possible to carry out these investigations in a privacy-respecting way? If the person being investigated makes use of privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs), how does this impact digital forensics investigations? 

Aim: The aim of our study was to identify how privacy rights and the use of PETs influence police digital forensics practices. 

Methods: We carried out a study with 10 digital forensics investigators from UK police forces to explore how considerations of privacy and citizens’ PET use inform or affect digital forensics investigations. 

Results: We identified specific uses of privacy-related principles that ought to apply in digital forensics investigation, and hindraces to digital forensics investigations from citizens’ use of PETs. 

Conclusions: We concluded with potential implications for practice and ideas for future research to reconcile the law enforcement activities with individual citizens’ inalienable privacy rights